Lab 3 Determinates of Water Hardness

Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Heather Crall Chemistry 1 SMT- 271044 10/17/2012 Abstract From seeing all of my results and conclusion I now see that I didn’t understand this lab very well and that its not easy when others try to help. Since I have hard water it tells me that my water flows over and through rocks and minerals, like limestone. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the concept of water hardness. We learn that hard water contains high levels of dissolved minerals that are in the form of metallic ions.Most of Ohio which is the state I live in either has moderately hard water or hard water. For as my town the city is moderate and the country is hard. Procedure 1) Put safety things on 2) Place the stopcock in the closed position on the end of the titrator and fill with 10 mL of EDTA solution. 3) Put a crumpled up paper towel under the titrator and allow a few drops of the solution to fall into the towel. This way it fills the ti p of the titrator then close and throw the towel away. Then place the 100 mL beaker under the setup. 4) Use the graduated cylinder to measure exactly 10 mL of tap water from your sink. ) Pour the tap water into the beaker then add 5 drops of pH 10 buffer solution. Swirl carefully the mixture in the beaker. 6) Read the volume of EDTA in the titrator and record the initial volume. Then slowly open the stopcock and add 1 drop at a time while swirling the mixture.7) Once the solution turns a pale blue-gray color turn the stopcock off then record the final volume in the titrator. 8) Repeat steps 4-7 and fill in Table 1. 9) Pour the rest of the contents down the drain Data Data Table 1: EDTA titration volume| | Initial EDTA Volume (mL)| Final EDTA Volume (mL)| Total Volume of EDTA Used (mL)| Trial 1| 9 mL| 7. mL| 1. 6 mL| Trial 2| 8 mL| 6. 6 mL| 1. 4 mL| Trial 3| 7mL| 5. 2 mL| 1. 8 mL| Average Volume of EDTA Used (mL): 1. 6 mL | Data Table 2: Water Hardness| Average Volume of EDTA Used (m L)| Concentration Ca^2+ ions per Liter of Water (mol/L)| Water Hardness (ppm CaCO3)| 1. 6 mL| 0. 015 mol/L| 1,500. 9 ppm CaCO3| Results A) Based on the analysis of your local water, would you classify its hardness as soft, moderate, hard, or very hard? Explain your answer. My water is moderately hard even though it’s the city we still have plumbing problems due to our soil and the minerals in our town.The country all has hard water so the deal with rust and bigger clogs than the city. B) Approximately how much calcium would you ingest by drinking eight 8-oz glasses of your local water? HINT: 1 oz(fluid ounces) =29. 57 mL 8oz= 236. 56 236. 56*8= 1,892. 48 mL Conclusion In conclusion it seems as though my results have come to show that I have very hard water when looking at the last graph but to have it say 1,500 tells me that my results is potentially incorrect. From what I understand it shows that the calcium carbonate is very high in my town.

Oedipus Essays - Oedipus, Creon, Antigone, Jocasta, Operas, Ismene

Oedipus Essays - Oedipus, Creon, Antigone, Jocasta, Operas, Ismene Oedipus Oedipus and Antigone are blood relatives; and as in many relatives, they have both striking similarities and minor differences. Oedipus was the son of King Laus and Queen Jocasta. Oedipus was a very strong king during his reign until the city of Thebes was struck by a plague sent by the gods. Oedipus was a strong leader and the people of Thebes were happy during his time of leadership. Oedipus had a very short temper. When Creon brought the blind profit to speak with Oedipus and the profit told Oedipus that it was he who murdered the king, Oedipus flew into a rage and blamed Creon for the crime. Another example of Oedipuss enormous temper was when the three highways met and Oedipus wanted to go ahead of an old man and his workers. Oedipus had a tantrum and killed all but one man. This is now known as modern day road rage. Antigone was the daughter/sister of the former king of Thebes, Oedipus. Antigone was a very strong woman. She stuck up for what she believed even if the consequences were harsh, such as death. Antigone was a very stubborn woman. She always fought to get her way. An example of this is when there was a direct order from the king not to bury her brother because he was fighting against the city of Thebes. Creon the king stated, Anyone that buries that person will be sent to death by stoning. She does not care about this threat and buries her brother anyway. Antigone had a lot in common with her father/brother, Oedipus. Both Oedipus and Antigone had strong personalities. Antigone showed her mental strength when going to risk her life for the burial of her brother. Oedipus showed his mental strength when he was asked a riddle from the sphinx. He also showed it when he was a prosperous king. Antigone was more even-tempered than Oedipus but they were both very stubborn people. Judging by the actions and personalities of Antigone and Oedipus, one can see that relatives have numerous similarities and few diffe

buy custom Why College Education is Important essay

buy custom Why College Education is Important essay The increase in competition in the job market, coupled with dreams and aspirations for better life has led to a high demand for higher education. This implies that college education provides students with exciting opportunities which may not be available to students who end their education after high school(Smart, 2009, p. 23). High school students are often thrilled with the idea of earning a high income as soon as they graduate. Thus, some students tend to be less interested in college education. However, it is apparent that college graduates are better placed in finding well paying jobs than high school drop-outs. This paper seeks to highlight how important college education is to me. Importance of College Education To begin with, college education provides excellent opportunities for job seekers. Unlike past generations, the current high school graduates can not access a large number of well-paying jobs that were once available(Felix Pope, 2010, pp. 69-93). The economy of America has since shifted from being manufacturing-based to one that is knowledge based. This calls for higher academic qualifications that can only be achieved through college education. In this context, college education acts as a gateway to better opportunities for those who are interested in good jobs. According to the 2007 census, non-collage graduates earned only 32,500 dollars per annum as compared to holders of bachelors degrees who earned 42,000 dollars per annum(Flix Pope, 2010, pp. 69-93). Besides, employees with college education are usually entitled to better health and retirement benefits. Consequently, college education will enable me to achieve my dream of getting a high-paying job. With a well-paying job, I will be able to realize my financial goals and future plans such as raising a family and living a comfortable life. College education enables students to acquire a wide range of skills and knowledge that is not only important in their careers, but also in their private lives. Experiencing collage education gives students a chance to read a variety of books and attend lectures of experts in various fields. This exposure encourages students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas(Smart, 2009, p. 67). Thus, college graduates have an opportunity for additional growth and personal development which makes them more effective in their jobs. In this case, college education gives me the motivation to face life challenges through a variety of techniques and ideas. Research indicates that individuals with college degrees tend to be better managers of their finances and other resources. Additionally, employees with college education stand a better chance of getting a promotion than those without college education(Felix Pope, 2010, pp. 69-93). This premise is based on the fact that, as competition inte nsifies in every industry, employers will be more interested in investing in highly qualified employees in order to improve their competitiveness. Thus, college education will enaable me to realize my aspiration to advance my career from a junior associate to a top management position. Finally, collage education will enable me to advance my education in future. For instance, it is not possible to pursue higher education at masters or PhD level without obtaining a college degree in the first place(Smart, 2009, p. 87). The nature of college education also promotes independence and initiative among students. This promotes the development of leadership skills which are not only needed at the workplace, but also in private life. College education often brings together students from different socio-economic backgrounds. As college students interact with each other, they tend to improve their abilities to work in groups and develop tolerance for divergent opinions. Thus, college education will enable me to perfect my teamwork skills. Conclusion College education is beneficial to students in various ways. Individuals with college education are more likely to find well paying jobs as compared to those who end their education at high school level(Felix Pope, 2010, pp. 69-93). It also enables students to acquire a variety of skills which make them more effective in their careers and private lives. Such skills include leadership and teamwork skills. College education is also a gateway for pursuing higher education as discussed above. Thus, college education will enable me to find my dream job, realize my financial goals and develop my career. Buy custom Why College Education is Important essay

Baking an Imaginary Cake

â€Å"Our greatest natural resource is the minds of our children.†-Walt Disney As a seven year old girl, I was proud to be a â€Å"tomboy†. I never played with dolls, preferring to use the computer as my source of entertainment. In my house, any Barbie dolls were found buried in the corners of the closets rarely seeing the light of day. So when I babysat a little girl ten years later, I was forced into very unfamiliar territory. After her mother left, she immediately ran over to a large toy chest, that was big enough to fit four small children, and dumped its contents all over the floor. â€Å"Here, take this one†¦and this one†¦and†¦this one! He’s my favorite but you can be him today.† She handed me a plastic sheep, a blue bear with a star on its stomach and a doll whose head was bigger than its body. â€Å"And I’ll be Teddy, Honey and Ellie. They’re all sisters and they live together in that pink house over there. OK? Alright, so let’s go!† Immediately, she slipped into the characters of her plastic creatures, doing their voices and personality as naturally as I would brush my teeth. â€Å"Well aren’t you gonna play?† she asked turning to me. I realized I was still standing where she handed me my toys. â€Å"Yeah,† I said with uncertainty, â€Å"Umm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I was stuck. What name and personality could I give to a plastic sheep? ‘Sheepy’ the sheep? Well, it was worth a shot. â€Å"This is ‘Sheepy’† I said slowly, judging her reaction to the predictable name. â€Å"And he umm†¦ likes†¦apples.† That was the best I could come up with? He likes apples? To my surprise, Mary enjoyed it. â€Å"Ha-ha that’s perfect! Honey likes apples too! Her and Sheepy can be friends!† She said smiling. â€Å"We’re going to have a birthday party for Ellie today. Sheepy and Honey can bake her cake okay?† Before I knew it an hour had passed and the toys had to be put away. Secretly, I wanted to play with them some more. Never would I have thought that a seemingly boring plastic sheep could turn into a culinary legend, baking the tastiest birthday cake in the universe. Walt Disney was right. Within a child’s mind the possibilities are endless. Without imagination, the world we know today would not exist. Steve Jobs used his imagination to create Apple just as Walt Disney used his to create America’s beloved cartoon mouse. Even though some people associate imagination with children, it is something that as adults we should embrace as well. From babysitting, I have learned that imagination is a necessary tool to succeed in today’s technology based society. As technology advances, the demand for new ideas will increase dramatically so we can remain competitive. Although I never used it as well as Mary did when I was a kid, I am confident my imagination is something I will need in the future. Who knows, I might even become an Imagineer.

Art in Iraqi secondary schools Literature review

Art in Iraqi secondary schools - Literature review Example Along with learning arts, they also use arts to strengthen the understanding of other subjects. The advantage of this integration is that children will not have to join extra classes and give additional fees to accomplish their passion. However, many children do not even get the opportunity to learn what interest them because their parents do not have resources to get them into arts classes. Despite the huge importance and recognition of arts globally, there exist many countries, which do not want the teaching of this subject in their secondary schools (Alias, Gray & Black, 2002, pp. 165-175). Neither have they wanted the children to learn in interdisciplinary ways. Iraq is one of those countries, which in spite of knowing the value of this subject, has removed the subject of arts from its schools. The schools in developing countries, mostly of Asia, even if have arts as subject, they are not able to deliver the true essence of arts to the students. The primary reasons behind this sc enario is that teachers give arts education in theory in the primary classes and in secondary classes this education is given through elective subjects. Teachers in many schools of developing countries do not have enough knowledge of what they are teaching, if a person does not have enough knowledge, one cannot expect him to teach that subject in different ways. This happens in the schools, which do not have enough funds to hire well-educated and skilled teachers. With the limited amount of money, they can only hire teachers who have a little knowledge about the subject. This might be one of the reasons that Iraqi schools do not have arts as essential model. Lack of resources is one of the important issues that hinder the provision of arts education in developing countries. Nevertheless, this is not the only reason, mostly in Asian countries, schools use western modules of arts however, western and eastern cultures are greatly different from each other (Cacchione, Mohring & Bertin, 2012, pp.1-10). An art is something that one learns from everyday life environment. Therefore, every country should design arts module according to its own culture so that children can easily observe, express and envisage the concepts that they learn. In many countries like New Zealand, arts in the curriculum carry the equal credit as other subjects like mathematics and science. Schools implement this to meet the needs of students, as students of this era do not want to limit their learning to the theory however; they want practical examples of everything they learn. Arts enable them to practically examine every phenomenon. There are mainly four key learning areas of arts i.e. creative, perceptual and cognitive skills; Aesthetic skills; communication and expression skills; and lastly understanding of one’s culture and values. For provision of quality arts education, schools should indulge few factors in the module of arts. Firstly, relevance between subject material and oneâ €™s environment and cultural background is important for the children. As discussed above, today children need practical examples to learn in a better way (Carroll, 2011, pp. 9-25). If teachers educate students about something that they can never encounter, the learning of that subject would not be fruitful for the students. Integration of arts in the module would induce teachers to design the

World War II Propoganda Posters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

World War II Propoganda Posters - Essay Example Some also believe that it is basically the methodology employed in the persuasion that determines whether chanting of a slogan, jargon or an appeal is propaganda or not. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) History bears testimony to the fact that greatest of propagandas have been used during wartime. In such times the warring nations often resort to propaganda campaigns that instigate people to acts which are most conducive to victory. The psychological warfare during cold war period was also a kind of propaganda that was meant to enfeeble the enemy's might and the will to fight. Another strategy, which is commonly known as 'brainwashing' and frequently used against prisoners unite political propaganda with bitter treatment of the prisoners to minimize its confrontation. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) Several of the methods, which are employed in propaganda, are logical and common-sense techniques that include achieving the confidence of people, simplicity and repetition, and the use of symbols. (Taylor, S.n.p.n.d.) The propaganda may differ in nature from other educational forms which exist in literary societies, but in an autocratic educational set-up, it can involve educating the youth of a nation by practices that could be categorized as propaganda. The tutors in educated societies teach pupil 'how to think', but propagandists tell them 'what to think'. Many academicians may be inclined to change their opinions if and when new evidence emerges, but propagandists will always evade evidence that comes in their way. Thus the educators consider all aspects of a problem and are willing to advance a discussion but a propagandists on the contrary would never do that and enter into any kind of debate. The propagandists instead would always touch extremes and try to persuade and mold public opinion through strongest possible case which he builds so very desperately and ambitiously. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) What makes World War II propaganda posters forms of propaganda Although the Propaganda Posters used in World War11 (1939-1945) were simple and randomly created to suit the newly emerging situations, they proved very effective on the belligerents simply because they were repeated over and over again. Also the words used to write catchy jargons, sensational slogans, and even appeals on the propaganda posters were often very simple but the pattern and symmetry in which they were used carried the message far and wide. For instance Nazis of Germany had used the below words of Adolph Hitler in one of their propaganda posters during World War11, "The intelligence of the masses is small. Their forgetfulness is great. They

Personal Professional Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Professional Ethics - Assignment Example The nursing profession is run under a set of predefined ethical code of conduct and this explains my ethnic statement. According to Canadian registered nurses code of ethics, the nursing profession has distinct responsibilities and ethics explains the code of conduct by practicing nurses that would be acceptable (â€Å"Canadian Nurses Association†, 2008). From the nursing values, I singled out the three responsibilities to form my ethics statement. This is informed by the great passion that explains my choice for a career in nursing. Through studies, I have come to learn that a nurse is ethically required to ensure that his/her patients are safe through ensuring that safety comes before any other thing in practice. Safety can be observed by ensuring right prescriptions of medicine as well as observing healthy living conditions. On the other hand, it is almost sure that patients would seek nursing care for such chronic diseases as cancer and HIV and Aid, which necessitate that compassion, be part of the nurse. Ethically, compassion may improve the quality and value of life for many patients even without treatment hence the commitment to observing compassion. Finally, excellence is a virtue and every person in any field pursues to realize. It is unethical to practice nursing without observing the nursing principles and the knowledge learned while studying. It is, therefore, an ethical expectation that practicing nurses would be competitive and hence this forms part of my ethical statement.