Short Duration Of Action Potentials Essay - 1299 Words

Rational Systemically, the patient,CJ is stable, his arm is very painful, to the crew, CJ’s injury is not life threatening however the pain is real and precautions need to be taken to stabilise the limb and to minimise nerve or soft tissue damage. Adequate pain relief is required. Nitrous Oxide,( commonly referred to as Entanox) provides analgesic properties suitable for fast and effective pain relief . Pharmacodynamics Administration of N2O is painless, with a rapid onset and a short duration of action. The onset is approximately 1 to 5 minutes and the recovery time is 3 to 5minutes once the gas has been with-drawn.( Pasaron R., Burnweit C. ,Zerpa J., Malvezzi L.,Knight C., Shapiro T., Ramos-Irizarry C., Velis E.) Inhaled N2O gas molecules are absorbed into the blood stream from the lungs. As noted by Oglesbee, it provides sedation stabilizing the neurons in the brain to prevent action potentials. N2O has low solubility in blood and is transported in solution without binding to proteins. It diffuses rapidly across the alveolar– arterial membrane and is excreted unchanged, mainly through the lungs. ( S C Faddy, S R Garlick) Nitrous oxide may increase pulse rate and have depressant effects on respiration.( BOC New Zealand data sheet.) Refer to Figure three in Appendices for PharmacodynamicShow MoreRelatedAction Potentials And Its Effects On The Body1608 Words   |  7 Pagesof nerve fibers. In previous experiments, action potentials were observed. Action potentials are an all or nothing response and do not deteriorate as it travels down the length of the nerve. Action potentials are directed by voltage-gate pumps. One type of action potential is a compound action potential (CAP). CAP is an artificial response of a nerve when all the axons are simultaneously electrical stimulated. It is known that individual action potentials are voltage-dependent therefore it elicitsRead MoreA Biphasic Compound Action Potential1653 Words   |  7 Pagesbiphasic compound action potential, both the positive and negative recording electrodes were used, with the negative recording electrode at position ‘D’ and the positive recording electrode at position ‘E’ (refer to Figure 1). The extracellular bipolar re cording takes the difference between what the negative electrode picked up and what the positive electrode picked up. The first, positive deflection of the CAP was caused by the extracellular negative charge of the action potential recorded by theRead MoreThe Maturity Gap of the Banks Assets and Liabilities919 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the duration gap of the bank of its assets and liability, that falls within the maturity of 5 years and 10 years? (Please assume current market yield is flat at 6.5%) (8 marks) For the bank’s assets reflected on the balance sheet, if the current market yields are flat at 6.5%, the largest impact of the yield effects the 5-year T-note in terms of duration. Duration drastically falls for this security compared to the 5-year personal loan that is repriced yearly in which the duration is positiveRead MoreZopiclone Is A Drug First Developed By Rhone Poulenc Rore1452 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing the conductance of chloride ions and hyperpolarizing the neuron, the frequency of action potentials is reduced. This causes an inhibition of brain activity, causing zopiclone to have hypnotic, sedative, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects (4). Zopiclone acts much in the same way as benzodiazepines when used to treat insomnia, but was believed to have less adverse effects, and less potential for developing tolerance and addiction. As a result, it was first marketed as a betterRead MoreSuboxone Therapy1568 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently there are many pros and cons for therapists choosing this type of treatment. In order for the patient to agree to the right form of therapy, it is important that all the side effects and potential dangers be fully understood beyond just the potential benefits to Suboxone. Some of the potential downsides to this treatment could cause ongoing damage for the patient in the future. In October of 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Suboxone for the treatment inRead MoreHow Diabetes Affects The Body1610 Words   |  7 Pagesmellitus (DM). The different types of insulin vary with respect to onset and duration of action. Short-, intermediate-, and long-acting insulin are available. Rapid-acting insulin is used whenever a rapid onset and short duration are appropriate (eg, before meals or when the blood glucose level exceeds target and a correction dose is needed). Rapid-acting insulin are associated with less hypoglycemia than regular insulin. Short-acting insulin is less commonly used than the rapid-acting insulin in patientsRead MoreThese impacts are possible to predict using some tools, being Modelling and Spatial the most800 Words   |  4 Pagesstripping, grading, trenching and backfilling, can cause effects on the soil capability and terrain stability through alteration of the morphological and physical properties, changing the soil erodibility, that is the characteristic based on the potential for soil detachment by runoff and raindrop impact. The changes of the soil physical properties together with the steep terrain, located on the base of the Coast Mountains, and the regular earthquakes caused by the Juan de Fuca plate boundary, increaseRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1417 Words   |  6 Pages(p.408-09). CBT focuses on the premise that thoughts trigger an emotional response, which in turn triggers a behavior. It states that all behaviors are internally derived from our thoughts instead of being externally triggered. CBT is short term in duration and can provide rapid emotional progress since it is solution focused, often using concrete homework assignments to be able to assist clients in refocusing their current paradigm into something more constructive and positive in nature. WithinRead MoreThose Who Are Interested In Understanding Investment Opportunities1646 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the most risky funds available, but offer the highest returns. Bond funds, which consist of limited duration l oans with a fixed interest rate, use collections of bonds for a moderately safe investment. Money market funds offer the lowest financial returns on investments, but they are the most secure way to invest. Investments with higher risks generally correlate to higher potential returns, but it is always possible that even a low risk investment strategy could lose money. Stock FundsRead MoreThe Respiratory System Is An Organ System Responsible For Gas Exchange1230 Words   |  5 Pagesrespiratory system is an organ system responsible for gas exchange; one of the main structures of this system being the airways. Many people suffer from obstructive airway diseases, most commonly from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Asthma. Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) are a type of bronchodilator that have been successfully used for decades to treat acute airway obstruction. The two most commonly used SABA bronchodilators that treat acute obstructive airways are albuterol and levalbuterol

Battering is a Momentary Loss of Temper Free Essays

Battering is a form of domestic violence, which involves physical actions aimed at instilling pain, harm the body or to propagate a feeling of intimidation to a partner so that one can get and maintain full control over the victim (Prakashan, 2001). Battering as an abusive behavior has a long trailing history in the global society and its awareness, legislation and perception varies from one country to the other. Several myths have been conceived with a purpose of explaining the main causes of battering. We will write a custom essay sample on Battering is a Momentary Loss of Temper or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is in this interest therefore that this paper is written. It seeks to refute the proposed myth that battering is a momentarily loss of temper. Reliable information from the American Medical Association has shown that domestic violence is not an instantaneous thing but a process, which is cultivated by various factors and in most cases over a certain period of time (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2009). The same point is underscored by the Surgeon General of the United States report. True to the word, victims of battering have been subjected to this traumatizing experience over time. Momentarily loss of temper is, in my opinion dictates for occasional incidences of this abusive behavior, which is undoubtedly inhumane. The fact that battering is aimed at gaining and maintaining control over their partners as well as revenging or punishment for betrayals or mistakes done by the victim need to be appreciated right at the beginning of this discussion otherwise the rest of its content might not make the intended impact to the reader (Baskerville, 2006). Based on this fact and judging by the principles of reason one can see the possibility of a long and well planed battering incidence. For instance, unfaithfulness is a major drawback to the family but many a times, one of the partners may fail to have enough evidence on the same and therefore he or she has no ground for divorce (Prakashan, 2001). The problem becomes worse if their intimacy overcomes their desire to separate. This can amount to a feeling of betrayal, unhappiness and aggressiveness which as human beings, can accumulate to uncontrollable levels resulting to battering. Various studies have it that most women are more venerable to battering than men. This is evident in the physical strength of men as compared to women (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2009). To avoid being branded a feminist, the author of this paper finds it necessary to mention that men are also victims of domestic violence mostly in forms of verbal and emotional abuse. As a matter of fact, physical abuse like battering is the highest order of family violence beyond which severe injuries or even death can occur (Buzawa, Buzawa, 2003). Domestic violence starts in the least form like altering abusive words. If the problem is left unsolved, it propagates and instills emotional instabilities like depression, keeping victims isolated from friends and family members. Still if this is left unattended, it will accumulate to levels which can amount to physical violence which is battering for this matter. In conclusion therefore, the above discussion dismisses the proposed myth that Battering is a momentary loss of temper. It underscores the fact that battering is a form of domestic violence which results from unattended simple forms of domestic violence like verbal and emotional abuse. It is indeed an inhuman act, but it is very common and hence it is the responsibility of any couples to address their differences in a more human manner. Simple forms of domestic violence should not be left unresolved otherwise they can amount to battering. References Baskerville, S. (2006). Family Violence in America: The Truth about Domestic Violence and Children Abuse. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://www. acfc. org/site/DocServer/familyviolence. pdf? docID=641 Buzawa, C. , Buzawa, E. (2003). Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response. California: sage Publications National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2009). Domestic Violence Facts. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://www. ncadv. org/files/DomesticViolenceFactSheet(National). pdf Prakashan, P. (2001). Battered Women: A Study of Domestic Violence. Michigan: The University of Michigan. How to cite Battering is a Momentary Loss of Temper, Papers

National Health Service Analysis of Variance

Question: Discuss about the National Health Service for Analysis of Variance. Answer: Introduction There is a concern expressed that the general dental practitioners are more willing to work for NHS (National Health Service) after qualification however, later they choose private practice after gaining professional experience. To verify this concern, data regarding how many years the dentists have been practicing since qualification was collected for three sample groups of dentists: 1st: The Dentists working in National Health Service only, 2nd: The Dentists working in private practice only and 3rd: the Dentists working in National Health Service and Private practice. Thus Null hypothesis H0: The mean of the different groups will be equal Alternative Hypothesis H1: The mean of the different groups will not be equal The data collected is given below NHS only Private only NHS and Private 12 15 5 27 26 16 1 38 38 26 7 24 4 33 4 6 25 42 18 12 13 23 42 22 3 31 2 10 22 28 2 16 32 3 37 37 1 The scatter plot diagram of the above data is given below where 1 is the sample of dentists working in NHS only, 2 is the sample of dentists working in private practice only and 3 is the sample of dentists working in NHS and private practice. Each group has a sample of 12 dentists and the number of years they have practiced since qualification is noted. The each sample group is plotted on the x axis while the number of years they have practiced since qualification is on the y axis. 2 To find the one way analysis of variance We know for the calculation of one way ANOVA, we need to calculate for each group mean and (X - X0)^2, where X is the sample data and X0 is the mean of the sample. Thus, calculating the values for each group we have, NHS only Private only NHS and Private Data (X - X0)^2 Data (X - X0)^2 Data (X - X0)^2 12 0.56 15 106.78 5 286.17 27 248.06 26 0.44 16 35.01 1 105.06 38 160.44 38 258.67 26 217.56 7 336.11 24 4.34 4 52.56 33 58.78 4 321.01 6 27.56 25 0.11 42 403.34 18 45.56 12 177.78 13 79.51 23 138.06 42 277.78 22 0.01 3 68.06 31 32.11 2 396.67 10 1.56 22 11.11 28 37.01 2 85.56 16 87.11 32 101.67 3 68.06 37 136.11 37 227.51 Mean 11.25 25.33333 21.91667 (X - X0)^2 1058.25 1384.667 2150.917 We need to calculate mean and (X - X0) ^2 for overall data as well. Overall data (X - X0)^2 12 56.25 27 56.25 1 342.25 26 42.25 4 240.25 6 182.25 18 2.25 23 12.25 3 272.25 10 90.25 2 306.25 3 272.25 15 20.25 26 42.25 38 342.25 7 156.25 33 182.25 25 30.25 12 56.25 42 506.25 31 132.25 22 6.25 16 12.25 37 306.25 5 210.25 16 12.25 38 342.25 24 20.25 4 240.25 42 506.25 13 42.25 22 6.25 2 306.25 28 72.25 32 156.25 37 306.25 Mean = 19.5 (X - X0)^2 = 5889 Thus summarizing the overall data we have NHS only Private only NHS and Private Overall Mean 11.25 25.33333 21.91667 19.5 n 12 12 12 36 Sum X 135 304 263 702 (X-X0)^2 1058.25 1384.667 2150.917 5889 Thus difference within the group = 1058.25 + 1384.67 + 2150.91 = 4593.83 And the difference between the groups = 5889 4593.83 = 1295.17 The degree of freedom df for between group = 3 -1 = 2, the degree of freedom df for within groups = (12 -1) + (12 -1) + (12 -1) = 33. Thus, total degree of freedom = 33 + 2 =35 Mean is calculated by dividing sum of squares by df. (Laerd Statistics , 2013) F = mean between groups/ mean within groups Sum of squares df Mean F Between Group 1295.17 2 647.59 4.65 Within Group 4593.83 33 139.21 Total 5889 35 From F table for 95% confidence level we have, F critical = 3.284 F F critical. Thus we reject the null hypothesis. Thus we can say that there exist significant differences in the mean of the three groups. (Roberts, 2008) c) From the analysis done above we can conclude that the mean of the three samples which are 1st: The Dentists working in National Health Service only, 2nd: The Dentists working in private practice only and 3rd: the Dentists working in National Health Service and Private practice are significantly different i.e. the number of years practiced by the dentist in the three samples is different and we can say that number of years of practice by dentists in National Health Service and private are different. (Laerd Statistics , 2013) d) There is a significant difference among the mean of the number of years of practice by dentists in National Health Service and private. By looking at the mean values of the number of years of practice by dentists, it can be said that the number of years of practice by dentists in private is more than the number of years of practice by dentists in NHS as the mean value of the sample for private only is more than two times the mean vale for NHS only. Thus we can conclude that the dentist choose private practice after gaining professional experience. References Penny, H 2006, Analysis of Variance, viewed 17 August 2016, https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~wpenny/publications/spm-book/anova.pdf Roberts, M 2008, Analysis of Variance, Routledge. Laerd Statistics 2013, One-way ANOVA, viewed 17 August 2016, https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-anova-statistical-guide.php The Pennsylvania State University 2016, Five Step Hypothesis Testing Procedure, viewed 17 August 2016, https://onlinecourses.science.psu.edu/stat200/node/67